POSTED MARCH 20

[A STATEMENT POSTED BY SENATOR BERNIE SANDERS ON MARCH 19 DURING HIS CAMPAIGN FOR THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY NOMINATION. TO SEE OTHER FACTS ABOUT PFIZER AND ITS EFFORTS TO WIN A CORPORATE TAX INVERSION, USE Microsoft Command f IN THIS SEARCHER.]

“Pfizer is a giant pharmaceutical company based in New York City that has a history of overcharging Americans for prescription drugs. It's in the process of trying to merge with another company located in Ireland.

“If the merger is successful, Pfizer would technically become a foreign company, meaning it could dodge around $35 BILLION in corporate taxes here in America.

“Enough is enough. Pfizer and other pharmaceutical companies cannot be allowed to ‘evade taxes and rip off American patients who already pay the highest prices in the world for prescription drugs.
………………………………………………………….

”What Pfizer is trying to do is known as a ‘corporate inversion.’ In this case, Pfizer, an American company, is merging with a company based abroad. The result of the merger is a company with an address in another country – even though the majority of shareholders are still based in America.

“Pfizer apparently doesn't want to pay the $35 billion in taxes it would owe in America. I don't think that's right.

”No matter what, you can bet that Pfizer would continue to overcharge Americans for prescription drugs, too. The pharmaceutical company has hiked the prices of seven of its top selling drugs by an average of 39 percent.

”Pfizer also charges 12 times as much in the U.S. under Medicare for these drugs as it charges in Ireland, where it’s claiming a new address for tax purposes.

“All of this is the result of years of weakened tax laws, an abdication of responsibility by American companies to their country, and a corrupt political system that allows it to happen.”

CNBC (TV) SAYS PFIZER WILL DROP ATTEMPTED TAX INVERSION

 “Pfizer and Allergan [maker of Botox] will mutually terminate their merger early Wednesday morning ET, sources told CNBC, after changes in U.S. tax regulations dealt a death blow to the $160 billion deal.

“Pfizer will pay Allergan a $400 million break fee as per the merger agreement, the sources said.”

NEW RULES MAY HALT PFIZER TAX INVERSION

“NEW YORK, April 5 (Reuters) - U.S. drug maker Pfizer Inc's $160 billion agreement to acquire Botox maker Allergan Plc was on the brink of being abandoned on Tuesday, after the U.S. Treasury issued new rules on how tax ‘inversion’ deals can be structured.

“Allergan's shares were hit considerably hard on Tuesday, showing how the rules that were issued on Monday targeted the biggest inversion attempted to date. The federal government has grappled with a wave of recent inversions by U.S. companies seeking to slash their tax bills by redomiciling overseas in merger deals.

“Pfizer is now leaning towards abandoning the deal with Allergan, though no final decision has yet been made, a source familiar with the situation said. Were the deal to be tweaked, Pfizer is concerned U.S. President Barack Obama's administration could change the rules again to thwart a deal, according to the source.

“Pfizer shares ended up 2 percent on hopes the company would walk away or renegotiate the deal in its favor. Allergan shares closed down 14.8 percent to their lowest level since October 2014.

“Obama on Tuesday called global tax avoidance a ‘huge problem’ and urged Congress to take action to stop U.S. companies from tax-avoiding corporate ‘inversions’, which lower companies tax bills by redomiciling overseas.

" ‘While the Treasury Department's actions will make it more difficult... to exploit this particular corporate inversions loophole, only Congress can close it for good,’ Obama said.

“Several U.S. presidential candidates, including Republican Donald Trump and Democrats Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders, have seized on the issue in their campaigns.

" ‘We have so many companies leaving, it is disgraceful,’ Trump told reporters as he greeted voters in Waukesha, Wisconsin on Tuesday. Clinton and Sanders both expressed support for Treasury's plan.

“Besides Pfizer-Allergan, other pending inversion deals that have not yet closed include the proposed $16.5 billion merger of Johnson Controls Inc with Ireland-based Tyco International Plc, Waste Connections Inc's $2.67 billion deal with Canada's Progressive Waste Solutions Ltd , and IHS Inc's $13 billion acquisition of London-based Markit Ltd.

$7.6 TRILLION IN TAX HAVENS

“Gabriel Zucman, who teaches at the University of California at Berkeley,
has two goals in his new book, The Hidden Wealth of Nations: to specify the
costs of tax havens, and to figure out how to reduce those costs. While much
of his analysis is technical, he writes with moral passion, even outrage; he
sees tax havens as a ‘scourge.’ His figures are arresting. About 8 percent of
the world's wealth, or $7.6 trillion, is held in tax havens. In 2015,
Switzerland alone held $2.3 trillion in foreign wealth. As a result of fraud from
unreported foreign accounts, governments around the world lose about
$200 billion in tax revenue each year. Most of this amount comes from the evasion
of taxes on investment income, but a significant chunk comes from fraud
on inheritances. In the United States, the annual tax loss is $35 billion; in
Europe, it is $78 billion. In African nations, it is $14 billion.”

Sunstein, Cass R, ‘Parking the Big Money,’ in The New York Review, January 14, 2016, pp: 37-38, a review of The Hidden Wealth of Nations: The Scourge of Tax Havens, by Gabriel Zucman, University of Chicago Press, 2015.

‘OFFSHORE TRILLIONS’

[Letter to the Editor, and Response]

“Cass Sunstein’s review of Gabriel Zucman’s The Hidden Wealth of Nations [New York Review, January 14, 2016] erroneously claims that ‘Zucman is the first economist to produce specific
numbers of this kind.’ Actually, economists have been estimating the volume of missing
offshore wealth for decades. For instance, in 2005 British economists Richard Murphy
and John Christensen produced a widely published $11.5 trillion estimate. In 2011
James S. Henry, formerly director of economic research for McKinsey & Co., was
commissioned by the Tax Justice Network to compile detailed estimates of offshore
private wealth. Triangulating with three independent methodologies, including
extensive statistical analysis and ‘investigative economics’ involving interviews with
private bankers, tax lawyers, and crooks, Henry identified $21-$32 trillion of ‘missing’
wealth as of 2010. This provided The Economist's cover story on February 16, 2013.

“Zucman leans heavily on one IMF survey of traded assets for fifty countries, hunting
mismatches between assets and liabilities. This is incomplete. Many assets are not
unrecorded but misrecorded in the names of trustees or nominee directors, not beneficial
owners. Since there is a recorded owner, there is no mismatch, hence Zucman omits
this missing wealth. He also ignores some $5-$10 trillion of offshore non-financial
assets like real estate, art, yachts, and gold.

“So Zucman's $7.6 trillion estimate of offshore wealth (in 2014 dollars) is way too
low. His estimate for Latin America is just $700 billion, and for Argentina $100
billion. In contrast, recent studies by Argentine economists working with Henry have
uncovered over $400 billion of offshore wealth for Argentina alone. Similar gaps
exist for Russia, Mexico, Brazil, South Africa, Nigeria, and China, where $500 billion

fled the country just in 2015. Zucman underplays the crucial role of bankers and other enablers
in the global haven industry. As detailed in Henry's report - soon to be updated - the top fifty global
banks were responsible for soliciting and concealing at least $12 trillion of the $21-$32 trillion, on behalf of the world's elite. Ironically, many of these institutions helped create the 2008 financial crisis, and would not have survived without taxpayer- funded bailouts.

Sunstein is also.wrong to laud recent US tax enforcement efforts. Banks like UBS and Credit Suisse, caught red-handed facilitating tax dodging in the US, received light penalties. The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) helps preserve the US as a haven by offering very limited reciprocity to other countries. This threatens to undermine the OECD's far more comprehensive global plan for information-sharing. Indeed, as any offshore wealth adviser knows, illicit money from across the planet is pouring into tax haven USA.

John Christensen' Executive Director Tax Justice Network London, England

James Henry Senior Fellow Columbia University New York City

Cass R. Sunstein replies:

“I am grateful for the response by John Christensen and James Henry of the Tax Justice Network (TJN), but also puzzled by it. Gabriel Zucman and I are in fundamental agreement with the TJN: tax havens are an extremely serious problem and far more needs to be done about them. “The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act is a significant step in the right direction, because it requires all foreign banks to identify any American citizens among their clients-and to disclose to the Internal Revenue Service the amount of their holdings and any dividends and interest paid on them. (The US Department of Treasury has done, and continues to do, a great deal of work on the issue of reciprocity.) With Zucman, I agree that FATCA is not nearly enough, because a global solution is required.

I stand by my claim about Zucman's originality.
Citing their own work, Christensen and Henry claim that they
were there first, and they have indeed made valuable
contributions. But ‘investigative economics,’
extrapolating numbers from ‘interviews with private bankers,
tax lawyers, and crooks,’ involves a high degree of
speculation, and the numbers in Henry's illuminating report,
commissioned and published by the TJN, lack the rigor and care
of Zucman's peer-reviewed estimates. I agree, however, that
his estimates may be too low.”